TÜRKÇE
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Information
| Unit | INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES |
| MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (MEDICINE) (MASTER) (WITH THESIS) | |
| Code | BİK592 |
| Name | ENZYMES AND ENZYME KINETICS |
| Term | 2025-2026 Academic Year |
| Term | Fall and Spring |
| Duration (T+A) | 2-2 (T-A) (17 Week) |
| ECTS | 6 ECTS |
| National Credit | 3 National Credit |
| Teaching Language | Türkçe |
| Level | Yüksek Lisans Dersi |
| Type | Normal |
| Mode of study | Yüz Yüze Öğretim |
| Catalog Information Coordinator | |
| Course Instructor |
The current term course schedule has not been prepared yet.
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Course Goal / Objective
The aim of this course is to understand the biochemical functions, structure, and reaction rates of enzymes, explain enzyme kinetics, and discuss the role of enzymes in biological systems. Topics such as factors affecting enzyme activity and enzyme inhibition will also be covered.
Course Content
1. Introduction to Enzymes What is an Enzyme? Definition and characteristics of enzymes The role of enzymes as biological catalysts Enzyme structure and function Classification of Enzymes EC (Enzyme Commission) numbers Oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, isomerases, ligases, and lyases Enzyme Structure Protein structures: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure Active site and substrate binding Coenzymes and cofactors 2. Biochemical Function of Enzymes Enzyme-Substrate Interactions Enzyme-substrate complex (Michaelis-Menten theory) Enzyme-substrate binding models (Lock and Key vs. Induced Fit) Catalysis Mechanisms How enzymes lower activation energy Stabilization of transition states 3. Enzyme Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Kinetics The Michaelis-Menten equation Vmax and Km concepts Assumptions and limitations of the Michaelis-Menten model Key Parameters in Enzyme Kinetics Vmax: Maximum velocity Km: Michaelis constant (affinity of the enzyme for the substrate) Kcat: Turnover number Factors Affecting Enzyme Rate Substrate concentration Enzyme concentration Temperature and pH Ionic strength and solubility Inhibitors 4. Enzyme Inhibition Reversible and Irreversible Inhibitors Types of reversible inhibition (competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive) Mechanisms of irreversible inhibition Competitive Inhibitors Enzyme-substrate and enzyme-inhibitor binding mechanisms Effects on Michaelis-Menten kinetics Non-Competitive and Uncompetitive Inhibitors Dynamics of non-competitive inhibition Effects on Vmax and Km in uncompetitive inhibition Allosteric Enzyme Inhibition Definition of allosteric enzymes Allosteric inhibition and activation Cooperative binding 5. Enzyme Activity and Analytical Methods Measurement of Enzyme Activity Units of activity and calculation methods Enzyme kinetic curves and Lineweaver-Burk plots Enzyme Kinetic Analysis Methods Michaelis-Menten plots Lineweaver-Burk linearization Eadie-Hofstee and Hanes-Woolf analysis
Course Precondition
1. Biyokimya Temelleri Biyokimya I ve II: Enzimlerin temel işlevi, biyolojik reaksiyonlar, metabolizma yolları, ve moleküler yapılar üzerine temel bir anlayış. Metabolizma ve enerji dönüşümü Biyomoleküllerin yapıları (proteinler, lipitler, karbonhidratlar, nükleik asitler) Enzimlerin biyokimyasal işlevleri ve substrat bağlanma mekanizmaları 2. Kimya ve Fizik Temelleri Organik Kimya: Organik bileşiklerin yapısı, reaktivitesi ve biyolojik etkileri Kimyasal bağlar, asit-baz özellikleri, redoks reaksiyonları Enzimlerin kimyasal reaksiyonlara katalizörlük etmesi Fiziksel Kimya: Termodinamik, kinetik ve reaksiyon hızları üzerine temel bilgiler Termodinamik yasalar ve entropi Reaksiyon kinetiği, hız denklemleri, ve denge kavramları Aktivasyon enerjisi ve reaksiyon hızını etkileyen faktörler 3. Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Moleküler Biyoloji: DNA, RNA ve proteinlerin yapısı ve fonksiyonu Genetik bilgi aktarımı ve protein sentezi Enzimlerin genetik regülasyonu ve metabolik yollar üzerindeki etkileri Transkripsiyon ve translasyon mekanizmaları 4. Matematiksel ve İstatistiksel Yöntemler Matematiksel Modelleme ve İstatistik: Enzim kinetiği analizini yapmak için gerekli matematiksel ve istatistiksel beceriler Diferansiyel denklemler ve lineer regresyon Veri analizi, grafiksel çözümler (örneğin Lineweaver-Burk, Eadie-Hofstee grafikleri) Enzim kinetiği için istatistiksel analiz yöntemleri 5. Temel Laboratuvar Teknikleri ve Biyoteknolojik Yöntemler Biyokimya Laboratuvarı: Enzim aktivitelerini ölçme ve analiz etme becerisi Spektrofotometrik analizler, elektroferez, kromatografi Enzim saflaştırma teknikleri Mikrotitrasyon ve mikroplaka okuma yöntemleri Moleküler Biyoteknoloji: PCR, gen klonlama, protein ekspresyonu ve saflaştırma teknikleri
Resources
Lippincot
Notes
Nelson, D.L. & Cox, M.M. (2017). Lehninger Principles of BiochemistryAlberts, B. (2015). Molecular Biology of the Cell
Course Learning Outcomes
| Order | Course Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|
| LO01 | Deeply Understand Enzyme Kinetics: Describe and calculate key enzyme kinetics parameters such as Michaelis-Menten kinetics, Vmax, Km, and Kcat. Analyze and evaluate enzyme kinetics models and systematically assess kinetic parameters. |
| LO02 | Understand the Biochemical Fundamentals of Enzymes: Explain the structure, function, and role of enzymes in biochemical processes. Understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in various metabolic pathways. |
| LO03 | Comprehend Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation: Explain different types of enzyme inhibition (competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive) and allosteric regulation mechanisms. Discuss the biological and industrial significance of enzyme regulation. |
| LO04 | Measure and Analyze Enzyme Activity: Use various analytical methods (e.g., spectrophotometric analysis, chromatography) to measure enzyme activity. Apply graphical analysis methods (e.g., Lineweaver-Burk, Eadie-Hofstee) to enzyme kinetics data. |
Relation with Program Learning Outcome
| Order | Type | Program Learning Outcomes | Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLO01 | Yetkinlikler - Alana Özgü Yetkinlik | Explain the structure and function of the basic tissues of the body. | 2 |
| PLO02 | Belirsiz | Explain the structure and functions of the cell, their physiological mechanisms and bioelectrical events. | 3 |
| PLO03 | Belirsiz | Explain the structure and functions of biochemical molecules involved in metabolism. | |
| PLO04 | Belirsiz | Know the structure and function of genetic material (DNA and RNA), gene expression, genome structure, nucleic acid metabolism and the use of DNA in medicine, the basic principles of heredity. | 5 |
Week Plan
| Week | Topic | Preparation | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction and Fundamentals of Enzymes | Fundamental knowledge of enzyme functions, biological reactions, and metabolic pathways. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım, Tartışma |
| 2 | Enzyme Mechanism and Substrate Binding | Knowledge of chemical reactions, reaction rates, and basic thermodynamics. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım, Soru-Cevap |
| 3 | Michaelis-Menten Kinetics and Graphical Solutions | Structure of DNA, RNA, and proteins; genetic information transfer and protein synthesis. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım, Soru-Cevap |
| 4 | Enzyme Inhibition: Competitive and Non-competitive | Differential equations, linear regression, and data analysis. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Tartışma, Anlatım |
| 5 | Enzyme Inhibition: Uncompetitive and Allosteric Regulation | Understanding chemical foundations of inhibition mechanisms and enzyme-substrate | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım, Soru-Cevap |
| 6 | Advanced Models for Enzyme Kinetics | Knowledge of metabolic pathways, cooperative binding, and multi-enzyme systems. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım, Bireysel Çalışma |
| 7 | Measurement of Enzyme Activity and Experimental Methods | Basic laboratory techniques for spectrophotometry, HPLC, and enzyme activity measurements. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Problem Çözme, Anlatım |
| 8 | Mid-Term Exam | Ölçme Yöntemleri: Yazılı Sınav |
|
| 9 | Industrial and Pharmaceutical Applications of Enzymes | Basic knowledge of industrial enzyme use and biotechnology applications. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Soru-Cevap, Tartışma |
| 10 | Clinical and Pharmaceutical Applications of Enzymes | Drug design, enzyme inhibitors, and clinical biochemistry concepts. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Alıştırma ve Uygulama, Benzetim |
| 11 | Systems Biology and Enzyme Kinetics | Basic concepts in systems biology and enzyme kinetics. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım, Tartışma |
| 12 | Literature Review and Research Methods on Enzyme Kinetics | Scientific writing, literature review, and data analysis skills. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Alıştırma ve Uygulama, Beyin Fırtınası |
| 13 | Project Work and Research Presentations | Scientific reporting and presenting research findings. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Tartışma, Bireysel Çalışma |
| 14 | Enzyme Engineering and Genetic Modification | Advanced knowledge of genetic engineering and biotechnological applications. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Alıştırma ve Uygulama, Benzetim |
| 15 | 3D structures of enzymes and the functional significance of these structures. | Structural biology of proteins, protein engineering, and X-ray crystallography. | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Tartışma, Soru-Cevap |
| 16 | Term Exams | Ölçme Yöntemleri: Yazılı Sınav |
|
| 17 | Term Exams | Ölçme Yöntemleri: Sözlü Sınav |
Student Workload - ECTS
| Works | Number | Time (Hour) | Workload (Hour) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Course Related Works | |||
| Class Time (Exam weeks are excluded) | 14 | 4 | 56 |
| Out of Class Study (Preliminary Work, Practice) | 14 | 4 | 56 |
| Assesment Related Works | |||
| Homeworks, Projects, Others | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Mid-term Exams (Written, Oral, etc.) | 1 | 12 | 12 |
| Final Exam | 1 | 28 | 28 |
| Total Workload (Hour) | 154 | ||
| Total Workload / 25 (h) | 6,16 | ||
| ECTS | 6 ECTS | ||