Cukurova University
Prospective Students
EN
TÜRKÇE
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ENGLISH
General Info
Name and Address
Academic Calendar
Academic Authorities
General Description of the Çukurova University
List of Programmes Offered
General Admission Requirements
General Arrangements for the Recognition of Prior Learning
ECTS Credit Allocation Based on the Student Workload Needed in Order to Achieve Expected Learning Outcomes
Arrangements for Academic Guidance
General Registration Procedures
Assessment and Evaluation
Diploma Supplement
Resources & Services
Student Affairs Office
Accommodation & Shelter
Dormitories
Guest Houses
Meals
Main Cafeteria
Boathouse Restaurant
Cost of Living
Financial Support for Students
Medical Facilities
Balcalı Hospital
Medico-social Unit
Insurance
Facilities for Students with Disabilities and Special Need
Learning Facilities
International Mobility Possibilities
Practical Information for Incoming Mobile Students
Language Courses
Work Placements Possibilities
Sports and Leisure Facilities
Student Associations
Campus Map
Associate
HEALTH SERVICES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı
Anaesthesia
Anaesthesia (Evening Education)
Diş Protez Teknolojisi
Elderly Care
First and Emergency Aid
Fizyoterapi
Tıbbi Dokümantasyon ve Sekreterlik
Tıbbi Dokümantasyon ve Sekreterlik (II. Öğretim)
Tıbbi Görüntüleme Teknikleri
Tıbbi Görüntüleme Teknikleri (II. Öğretim)
Tıbbi Laboratuvar Teknikleri
Tıbbi Laboratuvar Teknikleri (II. Öğretim)
ADANA VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Bilgisayar Programcılığı
Bilgisayar Programcılığı (II. Öğretim)
Bilgisayar Programcılığı (Uzaktan Eğitim)
CHILD DEVEOPMENT PR.
Çocuk Gelişimi (II. Öğretim)
Çocuk Gelişimi (Uzaktan Eğitim)
Elektrik
Elektronik Haberleşme Teknolojisi (Uzaktan Eğitim)
Elektronik Teknolojisi
Emlak ve Emlak Yönetimi
İç Mekan Tasarımı
İç Mekan Tasarımı (II. Öğretim)
İklimlendirme ve Soğutma Teknolojisi
İnşaat Teknolojisi
İnşaat Teknolojisi (II. Öğretim)
Makine
Moda Tasarımı
Moda Tasarımı (II. Öğretim)
Muhasebe ve Vergi Uyg. (Uzaktan Eğitim)
Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları
Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları (II. Öğretim)
Otomotiv Teknolojisi
Radyo ve Televizyon Programcılığı
Radyo ve Televizyon Programcılığı (II. Öğretim)
Saç Bakımı ve Güzellik Hizmetleri
Tekstil Teknolojisi
Tourism and travel services
TECHNICAL SCIENCES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Elektrik
Elektronik Teknolojisi
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS PR.
Makine
Tekstil Teknolojisi
ALADAĞ VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Avcılık ve Yaban Hayatı
Maden Teknolojisi
Ormancılık ve Orman Ürünleri
CEYHAN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Bilgisayar Programcılığı
Büro Yönetimi ve Yönetici Asistanlığı
Büro Yönetimi ve Yönetici Asistanlığı (II. Öğretim)
Elektrik
İnşaat Teknolojisi
İnşaat Teknolojisi (II. Öğretim)
Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları
Pazarlama
Sivil Savunma ve İtfaiyecilik
Tarım Makineleri
İMAMOĞLU VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Bilgisayar Teknolojisi
Gaz ve Tesisatı Teknolojisi
Laboratuvar Teknolojisi
KARAİSALI VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Bilgisayar Destekli Tasarım ve Animasyon
Bilgisayar Programcılığı
Harita ve Kadastro
İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği
Makine
Seracılık
Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler
KOZAN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Bahçe Tarımı
Bankacılık ve Sigortacılık
Bilgisayar Programcılığı
Büro Yönetimi ve Yönetici Asistanlığı
Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları
Yerel Yönetimler
POZANTI VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
ACCOUNTING AND TAX APPLICATIONS PR.
GARDEN AGRICULTURE PR.
TOURISM AND HOTEL OPERATING PR.
TUFANBEYLİ VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Elektrik Enerjisi Üretim, İletim ve Dağıtımı
YUMURTALIK VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Dış Ticaret
Organik Tarım
Su Altı Teknolojisi
Turizm ve Otel İşletmeciliği
Bachelor's
CEYHAN FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PR.
CEYHAN FACULTY OF VETERINARY
Veterinary
CONSERVATOIRE
BOW INSTRUMENTS PR.
OPERA PR.
PIANO PR.
THEATRE PR. (OYUNCULUK)
WIND INSTRUMENTS AND PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS PR.
FACULTY OF DENTISTRY
DENTISTRY PR.
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
PHARMACY PR.
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
Computer Education and Instructional Technology
Elementary Mathemetics Education
ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING PR.
FRENCH TEACHING PR.
GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHING PR.
PHILOSOPHY GROUP TEACHING PR.
PRE-SCHOOL TEACHING PR.
PRIMAY SCHOOL TEACHING PR.
PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING AND GUIDANCE PR.
SCIENCE TEACHING PR.
SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHING PR.
Teaching Art Education
TURKISH TEACHING PR.
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND LETTERS
ARCHAEOLOGY PR.
BIOLOGY PR.
CHEMISTRY PR.
Computer Sciences
MATHEMATICS PR.
PHYSICS PR.
PSYCHOLOGY PR.
STATISTICS PR.
TURKISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE PR.
FACULTY OF FINE ARTS
CERAMICS PR.
GRAPHIC PR.
TEXTILE AND FASHION DESIGN PR.
FACULTY OF LAW
Law
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PR.
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PR. (ENGLISH)
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PR. (EVENING EDUCATION)
ECONOMETRICS PR.
ECONOMETRICS PR. (ENGLISH)
ECONOMICS PR.
ECONOMICS PR. (ENGLISH)
FINANCE PR.
FINANCE PR. (EVENING EDUCATION)
Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler
Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler (İngilizce)
FACULTY OF THEOLOGY
THEOLOGY PR.
THEOLOGY PR. (EVENING EDUCATION)
FACULTY OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION SCIENCES PR.
Journalism
RADIO, TELEVISION AND CINEMA PR.
KOZAN FACULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PR.
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE PR.
INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE PR.
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PR.
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING PR.
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING PR.
CIVIL ENGINEERING PR.
CIVIL ENGINEERING PR. (EVENING EDUCATION)
COMPUTER ENGINEERING PR. (ENGLISH)
COMPUTER ENGINEERING PR. (ENGLISH) (EVENING EDUCATION)
ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING PR. (ENGLISH)
ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING PR. (ENGLISH) (EVENING EDUCATION)
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PR.
FOOD ENGINEERING PR.
GEOLOGY ENGINEERING PR.
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PR.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PR. (ENGLISH)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PR. (ENGLISH) (EVENING EDUCATION)
MINING ENGINEERING PR.
TEXTILE ENGINEERING PR.
Pedagojik Formasyon Birimi
Lisans Pedogojik Formasyon Seçmelileri
FACULTY of HEALTH SCIENCES
MIDWIFERY PR.
NURSERY PR.
FACULTY OF SPORT SCIENCES
COACHING EDUCATION PR.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS TEACHING PR.
SPORTS MANAGEMENT PR.
FACULTY OF Fisheries
AQUA PRODUCTS ENGINEERING PR.
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
MEDICINE PR.
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND TECHNOLOGIES ENGINEERING
AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURES AND IRRIGATION PR.
AGRICULTURE ECONOMY PR.
FIELD CROPS PR.
FOOD ENGINEERING PR.
GARDEN PLANTS PR.
PEDOLOGY AND PLANT FEEDING PR.
PLANT PROTECTION PR.
ZOOTECHNICS PR.
Master's
INSTITUTE OF ADDICTION AND FORENSIC SCIENCES
Addiction (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
Forensic Sciences (English) (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
Forensic Sciences (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
INSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
Agricultural Economics (with Thesis)
Agricultural Machines (with Thesis)
Agricultural Structures and Irrigation (with Thesis)
Animal Husbandry (with Thesis)
Archaeometry (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
Architecture (with Thesis)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
Automotive Engineering (with Thesis)
Biology (with Thesis)
Biomedical Engineering (with Thesis)
Biotechnology (English) (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
Biotechnology (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
Chemistry (with Thesis)
Civil Engineering (with Thesis)
Computer Engineering (with Thesis)
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Environmental Engineering (with Thesis)
Field Crops (with Thesis)
Fisheries and Seafood Processing Technology (with Thesis)
Fisheries Basic Sciences (with Thesis)
Food Engineering (with Thesis)
Geologial Engineering (with Thesis)
Horticulture Crops (with Thesis)
Industrial Engineering (with Thesis)
Landscape Architecture (with Thesis)
Mathematics (with Thesis)
Mechanical Engineering (English) (with Thesis)
Mechanical Engineering (with Thesis)
Mining Engineering (with Thesis)
Occupational Health and Safety (with Thesis) (Evening Education) (Interdisciplinary)
Occupational Health and Safety (without Thesis) (Evening Education) (Interdisciplinary)
Physics (with Thesis)
Plant Protection (with Thesis)
Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (with Thesis)
Seafood Aquaculture (with Thesis)
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition (with Thesis)
Statistics (with Thesis)
Textile Engineering (with Thesis)
Tissue Engineering (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Anatomy (with Thesis)
Audiology (with Thesis)
Basic Oncology (with Thesis)
Biophysics (with Thesis)
Biostatistics (with Thesis)
Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing (with Thesis)
Health Physics (with Thesis)
Health Physics (without Thesis) (Evening Education)
Histology & Embryology (with Thesis)
Internal Medicine (with Thesis)
Internal Medicine Nursing (with Thesis)
Medical Biochemistry (with Thesis)
Medical Biology (with Thesis)
Medical Ethics and History of Medicine (with Thesis)
Medical Microbiology (with Thesis)
Midwifery (with Thesis)
Nursing (with Thesis)
Parasitology (with Thesis)
Pediatric Oncology (with Thesis)
Pharmaceutical Pharmacology (with Thesis)
Pharmacology (with Thesis)
Physical Education and Sport (with Thesis)
Physiology (with Thesis)
Surgical Nursing (with Thesis)
Translational Medicine (English) (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
Translational Medicine (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
Veterinary Pathology (with Thesis)
Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology (With Thesis)
INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Accounting (with Thesis)
Accounting (without Thesis) (Distant Education)
Archaeology (with Thesis)
Art and Design (with Thesis)
Art Teaching (with Thesis)
Banking and Finance (without Thesis) (Distant Education)
Basic Islamic Studies (with Thesis)
Business Administration (with Thesis)
Business Administration (without Thesis) (Distant Education)
Classroom Teaching (with Thesis)
Classroom Teaching (without Thesis) (Distant Education)
Communication Studies (with Thesis) (Interdisciplinary)
Computer Education and Instructional Technology (with Thesis)
Curriculum and Instruction (with Thesis)
Curriculum and Instruction (without Thesis) (Evening Education)
Early Childhood Education (with Thesis)
Econometrics (with Thesis)
Economics (with Thesis)
Economics (without Thesis) (Evening Education)
English Language Teaching (with Thesis)
German Language Teaching (with Thesis)
Guidance and Psychological Counseling (with Thesis)
Informations and Technology Management (without Thesis) (Distant Education)
Interior Architecture (with Thesis)
International Relations (with Thesis)
International Relations (without Thesis) (Evening Education)
Islamic History and Arts (with Thesis)
Islamic History and Arts (with Thesis)
Management and Organization (with Thesis)
Management and Organization (without Thesis) (Distant Education)
Management and Organization (without Thesis) (Evening Education)
Marketing (with Thesis)
Marketing (without Thesis) (Distant Education)
Mathematics Education (with Thesis)
Music (with Thesis)
Philosophy and Sciences of Religion (with Thesis)
Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology Teaching (with Thesis)
Private Law (with Thesis)
Private Law (without Thesis) (Evening Education)
Public Finance (with Thesis)
Radio, Television and Cinema (with Thesis)
Radio, Television and Cinema (without Thesis) (Evening Education)
Science Education (with Thesis)
Textile and Fashion Design (with Thesis)
Turkish Education (with Thesis)
Turkish Language and Literature (with Thesis)
Doctorate
INSTITUTE OF ADDICTION AND FORENSIC SCIENCES
Addiction (Interdisciplinary)
Forensic Sciences (Interdisciplinary)
INSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology (English) (Interdisciplinary)
Agricultural Economics
Agricultural Machines
Agricultural Structures and Irrigation
Animal Husbandry
Architecture
Automotive Engineering
Biology
Biomedical Engineering
Biotechnology (English) (Interdisciplinary)
Biotechnology (Interdisciplinary)
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Computer Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Energy and Energy Systems (English) (Interdisciplinary)
Environmental Engineering
Field Crops
Fisheries and Seafood Processing Technology
Fisheries Basic Sciences
Food Engineering
Geologial Engineering
Horticulture Crops
Industrial Engineering
Landscape Architecture
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Mining Engineering
Occupational Health and Safety (Interdisciplinary)
Physics
Plant Protection
Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems
Seafood Aquaculture
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Statistics
Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems (English) (Interdisciplinary)
Textile Engineering
INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Biophysics
Biostatistics
Deontology
Histology & Embryology
Medical Biology
Microbiology
Midwifery
Nursing
Parasitology
Pharmacology
Physical Education and Sport
Physiology
Sports Science
Translational Medicine (English) (Interdisciplinary)
INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Accounting
Art and Design (Prohiciency in Arts)
Art Teaching
Basic Islamic Studies
Business Administration
Classroom Teaching
Communication Studies (Interdisciplinary)
Curriculum and Instruction
Early Childhood Education
Econometrics
Economics
English Language Teaching
Finance
German Language Teaching
Guidance and Psychological Counseling
Management and Organization
Marketing
Mathematics Education
Philosophy and Sciences of Religion
Private Law
Public Finance
Science Education
Turkish Language and Literature
Non-Field Elective Courses
Art and Design (with Thesis)
Master's Degree - Instıtute Of Socıal Scıences
Information About Program
Selected Year: 2024-2025 Academic Year
2024-2025 Academic Year
2023-2024 Academic Year
2022-2023 Academic Year
Previous Years
Information
Course Catolog & ECTS
Learning Outcomes
National Qualification Framework (NQF-HETR) Relations
Course Relations
Prospective Students
2024 - 2025 Year Course Catalog
Code
Name
Term
Duration (T+A)
ECTS
National Credit
C/E
STA1703
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1705
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1706
The relationship between culture and design
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1708
Art, Design and Visual Culture II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1709
Language of Symbols I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1710
Language of Symbols II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1711
Art Book I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1712
Art Book II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1713
Graphic Design and Conceptual Art I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1714
Graphic Design and Conceptual Art II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1715
Typographic Applications in Architecture I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1716
Typographic Applications in Architecture II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1717
Experimental Approaches in Pattern and Drawing I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1718
Experimental Approaches in Pattern and Drawing II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1719
Textile and Digital Printing Analyzes as Art Materials
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1720
Contemporary Expressions in Ceramics with Printing Techniques 2
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1721
Art Criticism and Methods 1
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1722
Innovative Exhibition Methods in the Contemporary Art World 2
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1723
Contemporary Expressions in Ceramics with Printing Techniques 1
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1724
Art Criticism and Methods 2
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1725
Innovative Exhibition Methods in the Contemporary Art World 1
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1726
Interdisciplinary Art and Design Approaches 2
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1727
Exhibition Design and Curation
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1728
Textile and Digital Printing Applications as Art Materials
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1729
Interdisciplinary Art and Design Approaches 1
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA703
Sculpture Studio I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA704
Sculpture Studio II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA705
Sculpture and Environment I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA706
Sculpture and Environment II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA707
Contemporary Art I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA708
Contemporary Art II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA711
Packaging Graphics
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA712
Graphic Arts and Issues
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA713
Graphic Studio I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA714
Graphic Studio II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA715
Product Development in Contemporary Fabric Design I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA716
Product Development in Contemporary Fabric Design II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA721
Life Drawing I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA722
Life Drawing II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA723
Painting I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA724
Painting II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA725
Advertising Graphics
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA726
Typography II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA731
Form and Composition I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA732
Form and Composition II
Spring
3-3
6
3
Elective
STA736
Principles and Application of Space Design
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA737
Contemporary Interior Problems and Analysis I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA738
Contemporary Interior Problems and Analysis II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA739
Indoor Interventions in historic buildings that will be re-functionalized
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA740
Renovation of Interior
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA741
Contemporary Indoor Regulations
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA742
Renovation of Interior
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA743
Structure Biology
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA744
Structure Corrosion
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA745
Surface Coatings
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA746
Thermal Issues in Structure Shell and Heat Protection
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA747
Art Work Analysis Methods I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA748
Art Work Analysis Methods II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA751
Industrial Ceramic Raw Materials
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA753
Typography I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA754
Ceramic Technology Research
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA755
Innovative Design Research in Furniture Forming
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA756
Creativity and Current Trends in Furniture Design
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA759
Ceramic Technology Design I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA760
Ceramic Technology Design II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA762
Culture, Identity, and Communication Discussion II
Spring
3-3
6
3
Elective
STA763
Culture, Identity, and Communication Discussion I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA765
weaving studio
Fall
0-0
6
3
Elective
STA766
Experimental fabric design
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA767
Glass Production Technology and Application I
Fall
0-0
6
3
Elective
STA768
Glass Production Technology and Application II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA769
Textile and Fashion Design Project
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA771
Technical Glasses and Application Areas I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA772
Collection Design Project
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA775
Technical English
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA776
Design Atelier II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA777
Design Atelier I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA783
Illustration of Experimental Approaches and New Forms I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA785
Digital Art Applications I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA786
Digital Art Applications II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA788
Experimental Approaches and New Forms in Painting II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA789
Advanced Pattern, Color Research and Studio Applications I
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA790
Advanced Pattern, Color Research and Studio Applications II
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA793
Creative Visualization in Design
Fall
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA796
Style and Image
Spring
3-0
6
3
Elective
STA1700
The Thesis
Fall and Spring
0-0
24
0
Compulsory
STA700
Special Area Course
Fall and Spring
5-0
6
0
Compulsory
STAS700
Seminar
Fall and Spring
4-0
6
0
Compulsory
TÜRKÇE
ENGLISH